● I-TUretero-nephroscopy yinkqubo yotyando encinci, eyona njongo iphambili kukunyanga amatye e-ureter kunye ne-ureter strictures. Xa i-calculus ye-urinary yesigulane ingaphezu kwe-1.5 cm, kucetyiswa ngokubanzi ukuba isigulane sisebenzise i-ureteroscopy kunye ne-laser lithotripsy ukukhuthaza i-metabolism ye-calculus.
● Sizibophelele kwimveliso kunye nophando kunye nophuhliso lwe-endoscope ukususela ngo-1998, kwaye ukugubungela imveliso kwicandelo lamayeza e-China kuphezulu ukuya kuma-70%, njengoko abathengi bethu bekumgangatho obalaseleyo, inkonzo yobungcali kunye nokunikezelwa ngokukhawuleza.